基数排序

#![allow(unused)]
fn main() {
/// Sorts the elements of `arr` in-place using radix sort.
///
/// Time complexity is `O((n + b) * logb(k))`, where `n` is the number of elements,
/// `b` is the base (the radix), and `k` is the largest element.
/// When `n` and `b` are roughly the same maginitude, this algorithm runs in linear time.
///
/// Space complexity is `O(n + b)`.
pub fn radix_sort(arr: &mut [u64]) {
    let max: usize = match arr.iter().max() {
        Some(&x) => x as usize,
        None => return,
    };
    // Make radix a power of 2 close to arr.len() for optimal runtime
    let radix = arr.len().next_power_of_two();
    // Counting sort by each digit from least to most significant
    let mut place = 1;
    while place <= max {
        let digit_of = |x| x as usize / place % radix;
        // Count digit occurrences
        let mut counter = vec![0; radix];
        for &x in arr.iter() {
            counter[digit_of(x)] += 1;
        }
        // Compute last index of each digit
        for i in 1..radix {
            counter[i] += counter[i - 1];
        }
        // Write elements to their new indices
        for &x in arr.to_owned().iter().rev() {
            counter[digit_of(x)] -= 1;
            arr[counter[digit_of(x)]] = x;
        }
        place *= radix;
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::super::is_sorted;
    use super::radix_sort;

    #[test]
    fn empty() {
        let mut a: [u64; 0] = [];
        radix_sort(&mut a);
        assert!(is_sorted(&a));
    }

    #[test]
    fn descending() {
        let mut v = vec![201, 127, 64, 37, 24, 4, 1];
        radix_sort(&mut v);
        assert!(is_sorted(&v));
    }

    #[test]
    fn ascending() {
        let mut v = vec![1, 4, 24, 37, 64, 127, 201];
        radix_sort(&mut v);
        assert!(is_sorted(&v));
    }
}
}